О. В. Афанасьева, Дж. Дули, В. Эванс Spotlight 10.
Цели урока:
- Формировать грамматические навыки и умения в процессе самостоятельной работы над темой;
- Развивать навыки сопоставления и сравнения с имеющимися аналогами и умения пользоваться изученной грамматикой и лексикой.
Проект урока.
I. Организационный момент. Целеполагание.
Teacher: My dear friends, today we are going to work with all the past tenses in comparison. At the lesson you will study Grammar reference and have some practice in the Past tenses.
The task is to study the theory and do the tasks in cards A, B,C
If you want to get a “5” you are to work with Card A.
If you want to get a “4” you are to work with Card B.
If you want to get a “3” you are to work with Card C.
You will have 25 minutes to work with the cards. Don’t forget to register your achievements in the chart. Good luck!
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Name
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Card A “5”
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Card B
“4”
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Card C
“3”
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II. Самостоятельное изучение теоретического материала.
Past Simple (Простое прошедшее время)
Форма: Past Simple для правильных глаголов образуется путем прибавления -ed.
Past Simple неправильных глаголов образуется путем изменения формы этих глаголов (см. список неправильных глаголов).
Форма Past Simple не изменяется по числам, за исключением глагола to be (was/were).
Правописание (форма Past Simple правильных глаголов)
к глаголам, оканчивающимся на — е, добавляется -d: / wave — I waved
в глаголах, оканчивающихся на согласную + у, -у меняется на -i и добавляется -ed: / cry — / cried
к глаголам, оканчивающимся на гласную + у, добавляется -ed:
/ pray — I prayed
в глаголах с ударной гласной между согласными последняя согласная удваивается и добавляется -ed: / skip — I skipped
в глаголах, оканчивающихся на -I, -I удваивается и добавляется -ed:
/ travel — I traveled
Употребление
Past Simple употребляется, когда речь идет о:
действиях, произошедших в прошлом. Bruce called Tina yesterday morning.
действиях, произошедших в прошлом, с указанием точного времени.
She went to the gym at 7 o'clock. (Когда? В 7 часов.)
• повторяющихся действиях в прошлом.
We often travelled to London when we were students.
• последовательных действиях в прошлом.
She woke up, put some clothes on and ran out of the house.
• законченных действиях в прошлом, не связанных с настоящим, с указанием точного или предполагаемого времени.
Henry James wrote many novels.
Указатели времени (сигналы), употребляемые с Past Simple: yesterday, yesterday morning/evening etc, last night/week etc, two weeks/a month ago, in 1988 etc.
Past Continuous (Прошедшее продолженное время)
Форма: форма прошедшего времени глагола to be (was/were) + причастие настоящего времени (-ing форма смыслового глагола).
Употребление
Past Continuous употребляется для описания действия в процессе развития в прошлом, когда речь идет о:
• действии, которое происходило в определенное время в прошлом.
It was raining when we got up this morning.
• действии, которое происходило в прошлом и было прервано другим действием, тогда Past Continuous употребляется для описания действия в развитии/процессе (длительное действие), a PastSimple — для описания действия, которое прервало его (краткое действие).
Не was reading his essay when he noticed a mistake.
двух или более одновременных действиях в прошлом (обычно выполняемых разными людьми). While she was feeding the baby her husband was also talking on the phone.
о фоновой ситуации в рассказах и повествованиях. The wind was howling and dark clouds were gathering in the sky. Paul was standing ... etc.
Указатели времени (сигналы), употребляемые с Past Continuous: while, when, as, all day/night/morning/ yesterday etc.
Past Simple и Past Continuous
• Past Simple употребляется для описания действия, которое произошло в указанное время в прошлом.
Не lost his wallet three weeks ago. HO:
Past Continuous употребляется для описания действия в процессе развития, которое происходило в определенный момент в прошлом. Не was jogging in the park yesterday afternoon.
• Past Simple употребляется для описания последовательных действий в прошлом.
Не closed the windows, turned off the lights and locked the door. HO:
Past Continuous употребляется для описания одного или более одновременных действий, выполняемых разными людьми в прошлом.
Tim was reading a book and his brother was listening to music.
• Past Continuous употребляется для описания действия в развитии/процессе, которое было прервано. Past Simple употребляется для описания действия, которое его прервало. As George was driving to work his car broke down.
Past Perfect ( Прошедшее совершенное время)
Форма: had + причастие прошедшего времени (3-я форма) смыслового глагола.
Употребление. Рast Perfect употребляется, когда речь идет о:
• действии, которое предшествовало другому действию в прошлом.
Roy had fallen asleep before his parents returned home.
• действии, которое завершилось в прошлом, при описании его результата.
Jim had shaved his beard and he looked very nice. Примечание: Past Perfect является эквивалентом Present Perfect в прошедшем времени.
He had argued with a friend and he felt miserable. (Действие 'had argued произошло в прошлом и результат 'felt miserable' был налицо тоже в прошлом.)
Не has argued with a friend and he feels miserable. (Действие has argued произошло в прошлом, а результат 'feels miserable очевиден в настоящем.)
Указатели времени (сигналы), употребляемые с Past Perfect: before, after, already, just, till/until, when, by, by the time, never, for, since.
Past Perfect Continuous (Прошедшее совершенное продолженное время)
Форма: had + been + причастие настоящего времени (-ing форма смыслового глагола).
Употребление. Past Perfect Continuous употребляется, когда:
• подчеркивается длительность действия, которое началось и закончилось в прошлом перед другим действием в прошлом, обычно с since или for, how long.
Не had been living in the city for ten years before he moved to the countryside.
• обозначается действие, которое длилось некоторое время в прошлом, и описывается его результат (в прошлом).
The children had been playing in the garden all afternoon so their clothes were dirty. (Дети играли весь полдень в саду, поэтому их одежда была грязная.)
Указатели времени (сигналы), употребляемые с Past Perfect Continuous: since, for, all morning, how long.
III. Работа с разноуровневыми карточками.
Card A
1. Read sentences 1-7. What are the tenses in bold? Put the verbs into the table.
- I was watching the parade when I saw an old friend in the crowd.
- He arrived safely in Egypt yesterday.
- I was writing postcards while John was sunbathing on the balcony yesterday afternoon.
- I had just finished packing when my taxi arrived.
- The sun was shining and the birds were singing in the trees.
- He had been driving for three hours before he reached his destination.
- When we got off the plane, we waited for our luggage.
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Past Simple
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Past Continuous
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Past Perfect
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Past Perfect Continuous
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2. Which tenses
A describes two actions which happened one after the other in the past?
B describes the setting for event?
C describes an action which happened at a definite past time?
D describes an action in progress interrupted by another past action?
E describes an action which happened before another past action?
F describes two actions in progress at the same time?
G emphasizes the duration of an action which started and finished in the past before another past action?
Card B
1. Read sentences 1-7. What are the tenses in bold? Put the verbs into the table.
- I was watching the parade when I saw an old friend in the crowd.
- He arrived safely in Egypt yesterday.
- I was writing postcards while John was sunbathing on the balcony yesterday afternoon.
- I had just finished packing when my taxi arrived.
- The sun was shining and the birds were singing in the trees.
- He had been driving for three hours before he reached his destination.
- When we got off the plane, we waited for our luggage.
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Past Simple
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Past Continuous
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Past Perfect
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Past Perfect Continuous
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2. Which tenses
A describes two actions which happened one after the other in the past?
B describes the setting for event?
C describes an action which happened at a definite past time?
D describes an action in progress interrupted by another past action?
E describes an action which happened before another past action?
F describes two actions in progress at the same time?
G emphasizes the duration of an action which started and finished in the past before another past action?
3. Put the verbs into the past simple or the past continuous.
A: Where ___________________(you/be) last week?
B: I ______________________ (relax) on the beach most of the week, actually.
A: Have you ever been to India?
B: Yes, I __________________(go) there last summer.
A: Why _____________________________(you/not/come) last night?
B: Because I ____________________________(study) for my exams.
A: How _______________________ (be) your holiday?
B: Awful! It ________________________(rain) the whole time.
A: How did you meet?
B: When we __________________________(walk) along the beach.
A: Where _______________________(they/spend) there last holiday?
B: They __________________(want) to go to Spain but in the end they _______________ (decide) on China.
A: What _______________________(happen) exactly?
B: We _________________ (drive) along when this man _____________(jump) out in front of the car.
A: What ______________________________(you/do) this time last Monday?
B: I ________________________(watch) TV while John ______________(cook) dinner.
A: ________________________(Jack/practise) his guitar again last night?
B: Why? ________________________(you/try) to call him?
A: _____________________ (you/arrive) on time for the meeting yesterday afternoon?
B: No, actually. We ________________________(miss) our flight.
4. Put the verbs into the past perfect or the past perfect continuous.
- They _____________________________(travel) all night and were exhausted.
- We _____________________________(book) our flight weeks before we left.
- They __________________________(wait) for hours before their flight was announced.
- Lionel _________________________ (already/be) to Nepal twice before he got married.
- How long ____________________________(you/ look) for Jess before you found him?
- The guide ___________(organise) everything well in advance, so our trip went smoothly.
- They ___________________________(look forward) to this holiday for years before they finally managed to do it.
- It ___________________________(snow) for hours and no plane were able to take off.
Card C
1. Read sentences 1-7. What are the tenses in bold? Put the verbs into the table.
- I was watching the parade when I saw an old friend in the crowd.
- He arrived safely in Egypt yesterday.
I was writing postcards while John was sunbathing on the balcony yesterday afternoon.
I had just finished packing when my taxi arrived.
The sun was shining and the birds were singing in the trees.
He had been driving for three hours before he reached his destination.
When we got off the plane, we waited for our luggage.
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Past Simple
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Past Continuous
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Past Perfect
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Past Perfect Continuous
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2. Which tenses
A describes two actions which happened one after the other in the past?
B describes the setting for event?
C describes an action which happened at a definite past time?
D describes an action in progress interrupted by another past action?
E describes an action which happened before another past action?
F describes two actions in progress at the same time?
G emphasizes the duration of an action which started and finished in the past before another past action?
3. Put the verbs into the past simple or the past continuous.
11. A: Where ___________________(you/be) last week?
B: I ______________________ (relax) on the beach most of the week, actually.
12. A: Have you ever been to India?
B: Yes, I __________________(go) there last summer.
13. A: Why _____________________________(you/not/come) last night?
B: Because I ____________________________(study) for my exams.
14. A: How _______________________ (be) your holiday?
B: Awful! It ________________________(rain) the whole time.
15. A: How did you meet?
B: When we __________________________(walk) along the beach.
16. A: Where _______________________(they/spend) there last holiday?
B: They __________________(want) to go to Spain but in the end they _______________ (decide) on China.
17. A: What _______________________(happen) exactly?
B: We _________________ (drive) along when this man _____________(jump) out in front of the car.
18. A: What ______________________________(you/do) this time last Monday?
B: I ________________________(watch) TV while John ______________(cook) dinner.
19. A: ________________________(Jack/practise) his guitar again last night?
B: Why? ________________________(you/try) to call him?
20. A: _____________________ (you/arrive) on time for the meeting yesterday afternoon?
B: No, actually. We ________________________(miss) our flight.
4. Put the verbs into the past perfect or the past perfect continuous.
They _____________________________(travel) all night and were exhausted.
We _____________________________(book) our flight weeks before we left.
They __________________________(wait) for hours before their flight was announced.
Lionel _________________________ (already/be) to Nepal twice before he got married.
How long ____________________________(you/ look) for Jess before you found him?
The guide ___________(organise) everything well in advance, so our trip went smoothly.
They ___________________________(look forward) to this holiday for years before they finally managed to do it.
It ___________________________(snow) for hours and no plane were able to take off.
5. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past tense.
A: ________________(you/see) the film last night?
B: No. It _______________ (start) before I ________________(finished) my homework.
A: What ________________( happen) to John?
B: He _________________(fall) and _________________ (break) his leg while he ______________ (ride) his bike to school.
A: Why _____________________(Ann/cry) before?
B: She _____________________________(train) for the finals for over a week before she _________________________(find out) that she had been disqualified.
A: When ______________________ (you/meet) her?
B: Yesterday after I ___________________________(finish) work.
A: Why _____________________________(he/not come)?
B: He ______________________________(just/arrive) at the airport when he _______________________(realize) he ________________(leave) his passport at home.
A: What __________________________(you/do) yesterday at 6 o’clock in the evening?
B: Well, Ann _________________(tidy) the house while ________________ (plant) some flowers.
IV. Рефлексия.
Teacher: My dear children! You have worked very hard at the lesson, I am really proud of you. Let’s look at the register and analyze our achievements: ___ students have reached Level C, __ students-Level B and ___ students have done their best. So you see that still there is much to be done. I thank you for the lesson and wish you every success in your studies.
V. Индивидуальное домашнее задание по карточкам.
Teacher: You can do some tasks at home. We will continue our work at the next lessons.
4. Стенограмма.
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№
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Этап урока
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Время
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Деятельность учителя
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Деятельность учащихся
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1
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Организационный момент
Целеполагание
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2 мину
ты
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Знакомит с темой урока и целью
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Ставят себе цель выполнить тесты и упражнения, достичь той отметки, которую желают получить за урок
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2
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Самостоятельное изучение материала. Работа с разноуровневыми карточками (А — на«5», В — на»4», С — на «3»)
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10 + 25 минут
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Раздает карточки по вариантам. Оказывает индивидуальную помощь, проверяет задания.
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Изучают самостоятельно теоретический материал. Выполняют задания по карточкам. Отмечают свои достижения на карте
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3
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Рефлексия
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2 мину
ты
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Подводит итог, анализирует таблицу
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Сравнивают результат таблицы с предполагаемым результатом
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4
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Индивидуаль
ное домашнее задание
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1 мину
та
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Желающие записывают задание
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МАОУ «СОШ № 58 с углубленным изучением отдельных предметов». г. Уфа.
Нусратуллина Лилия Наилевна
lily2105-1981@mail.ru